DawgTalkers.net Forums DawgTalk Palus Politicus Operation Dark Winter

I know many of you Dawgs have outgrown video games, but I'm sure you're familiar with Tom Clancy and some of the stuff he wrote. A lot of his military/spy thrillers were based on real world hypothetical scenarios. One game I've played periodically is called the Division. I won't go in to too much about the game except to say your role is that of a sleeper agent who has been activated to restore order in a post pandemic world. A lot of players have commented on how eerily similar current events are to that world. I thought to write some fan fiction for it and in my research I came across this:

Operation Dark Winter

Operation Dark Winter was a table top exercise conducted in real life by our Federal Gov't in 2001 that explored our response capabilities in the event we came under a bio-weapon attack. The results weren't good:

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Operation Dark Winter was the code name for a senior-level bio-terrorist attack simulation conducted from June 22–23, 2001.[1][2][3] It was designed to carry out a mock version of a covert and widespread smallpox attack on the United States. Tara O'Toole and Thomas Inglesby of the Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies (CCBS) / Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), and Randy Larsen and Mark DeMier of Analytic Services were the principal designers, authors, and controllers of the Dark Winter project.



Overview

Objective
Dark Winter was focused on evaluating the inadequacies of a national emergency response during the use of a biological weapon against the American populace. The exercise was solely[citation needed] intended to establish preventive measures and response strategies by increasing governmental and public awareness of the magnitude and potential of such a threat posed by biological weapons.

Scenario
Dark Winter's simulated scenario involved an initial localized smallpox attack on Oklahoma City, Oklahoma with additional smallpox attack cases in Georgia and Pennsylvania. The simulation was then designed to spiral out of control. This would create a contingency in which the National Security Council struggles to determine both the origin of the attack as well as deal with containing the spreading virus. By not being able to keep pace with the disease's rate of spread, a new catastrophic contingency emerges in which massive civilian casualties would overwhelm America's emergency response capabilities.

The disastrous contingencies that would result in the massive loss of civilian life were used to exploit the weaknesses of the U.S. health care infrastructure and its inability to handle such a threat. The contingencies were also meant to address the widespread panic that would emerge and which would result in mass social breakdown and mob violence. Exploits would also include the many difficulties that the media would face when providing American citizens with the necessary information regarding safety procedures.

Summary of findings
According to UPMC's Center for Health Security, Dark Winter outlined several key findings with respect to the United States healthcare system's ability to respond to a localized bioterrorism event:

An attack on the United States with biological weapons could threaten vital national security interests.[4]
In addition to the possibility of massive civilian casualties, Dark Winter outlined the possible breakdown in essential institutions, resulting in a loss of confidence in government, followed by civil disorder, and a violation of democratic processes by authorities attempting to restore order. Shortages of vaccines and other drugs affected the response available to contain the epidemic, as well as the ability of political leaders to offer reassurance to the American people.[5] This led to great public anxiety and flight by people desperate to get vaccinated, and it had a significant effect on the decisions taken by the political leadership.[5] In addition, Dark Winter revealed that a catastrophic biowarfare event in the United States would lead to considerably reduced U.S. strategic flexibility abroad.[4]

Current organizational structures and capabilities are not well suited for the management of a biowarfare attack.[4]
Dark Winter revealed that major "fault lines" exist between different levels of government (federal, state, and local), between government and the private sector, among different institutions and agencies, and within the public and private sector. Leaders are unfamiliar with the character of bioterrorist attacks, available policy options, and their consequences. Federal and state priorities may be unclear, differ, or conflict; authorities may be uncertain; and constitutional issues may arise.[5] For example, state leaders wanted control of decisions regarding the imposition of disease-containment measures (e.g., mandatory vs. voluntary isolation and vaccination),[5] the closure of state borders to all traffic and transportation,[5] and when or whether to close airports.[5] Federal officials, on the other hand, argued that such issues were best decided on a national basis to ensure consistency and to give the President maximum control of military and public-safety assets.[5] Leaders in states most affected by smallpox wanted immediate access to smallpox vaccine for all citizens of their states,[5] but the federal government had to balance these requests against military and other national priorities.[5] State leaders were opposed to federalizing the National Guard, which they were relying on to support logistical and public supply needs,[5] while a number of federal leaders argued that the National Guard should be federalized.[5]

There is no surge capability in the U.S. healthcare and public health systems,[5] or in the pharmaceutical and vaccine industries.[4]
The exercise was designed to simulate a sudden and unexpected biowarfare event for which the United States healthcare system was unprepared. In the absence of sufficient preparation, Dark Winter revealed that the lack of sufficient vaccine or drugs to prevent the spread of disease severely limited management options.[5] Due to the institutionally limited "surge capacity" of the American healthcare system, hospitals quickly became overwhelmed and rendered effectively inoperable by the sudden and continued influx of new cases, exacerbated by patients with common illnesses who feared they might have smallpox,[5] and people who were otherwise healthy, but concerned about their possible exposure.[5] The challenges of making correct diagnoses and rationing scarce resources, combined with shortages of health care staff, who were themselves worried about becoming infected or bringing infection home to their families, imposed a huge burden on the health care system.[4] The simulation also noted that while demand was highest in cities and states that had been directly attacked,[5] by the time victims became symptomatic, they were geographically dispersed, with some having traveled far from the original attack site.[5]

The simulation also found that without sufficient surge capability, public health agencies' analysis of the scope, source and progress of the epidemic was greatly impeded, as was their ability to educate and reassure the public, and their capacity to limit casualties and the spread of disease.[4] For example, even after the smallpox attack was recognized, decision makers were confronted with many uncertainties and wanted information that was not immediately available. (In fact, they were given more information on locations and numbers of infected people than would likely be available in reality.)[5] Without accurate and timely information, participants found it difficult to quickly identify the locations of the original attacks; to immediately predict the likely size of the epidemic on the basis of initial cases; to know how many people were exposed; to find out how many were hospitalized and where; or to keep track of how many had been vaccinated.[5]

Dealing with the media will be a major immediate challenge for all levels of government.[4]
Dark Winter revealed that information management and communication (e.g., dealing with the press effectively, communication with citizens, maintaining the information flows necessary for command and control at all institutional levels) will be a critical element in crisis/consequence management. For example, participants worried that it would not be possible to forcibly impose vaccination or travel restrictions on large groups of the population without their general cooperation.[5] To gain that cooperation, the President and other leaders in Dark Winter recognized the importance of persuading their constituents that there was fairness in the distribution of vaccine and other scarce resources,[5] that the disease-containment measures were for the general good of society,[5] that all possible measures were being taken to prevent the further spread of the disease,[5] and that the government remained firmly in control despite the expanding epidemic.[5]

Should a contagious bioweapon pathogen be used, containing the spread of disease will present significant ethical, political, cultural, operational, and legal challenges.[4]
In Dark Winter, some members advised the imposition of geographic quarantines around affected areas, but the implications of these measures (e.g., interruption of the normal flow of medicines, food and energy supplies, and other critical needs) were not clearly understood at first.[5] In the end, it is not clear whether such draconian measures would have led to a more effective interruption of disease spread.[5] What's more allocation of scarce resources necessitated some degree of rationing,[5] creating conflict and significant debate between participants representing competing interests.

So now the question becomes why through 3 Presidents has very little about this been addressed?

Maybe because our Presidents and governments have been more worried about looking good instead of doing good. unfortunately they have failed at both.

Because it's all make-believe... until it isn't.

Likely the same reasons that we can wargame stuff like this and see the impact on the healthcare system and still not increase national stockpiles accordingly. Good luck convincing Congress to fund that stuff without major quid pro quos of pork getting shoved in everywhere.

Also, for the same reasons that while we wargame things like this, we fail to even glance at scenarios that involve a basic assumption failing... like, testing. What happens with a minor infectious agent when you fail to test and track it?


Basically, it comes down to Humans, and also to the fact that while even the smartest of people may be in charge of wargaming this stuff, not only can they not think of everything, but then they have the monumental task of convincing some of the dumbest of people to adequately fund the things necessary to handle something like this.

In the end, they ALL look at percentages. There is always a 99.99% chance that what is happening right now won't happen, and for 20 years they gambled right. Unfortunately, as every D&D fan knows, you *can* roll a 1 on a 20-sided die.... and we did.

1. This isn't a man made bio-weapon. It evolved in nature.

2. There once was a pandemic response team, a group that actually had an extensive playbook to deal with a pandemic, but it was disbanded to save money.

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Sorry, ruined your narrative. Continue on.

2. I'm pretty sure it was rolled into/combined with other things. Yes, I know what the common rhetoric says, but I believe the "disbanding" and "shutting down" was actually a consolidation of duties. Either way, it's not like they had prepared anything at all in the time they did exist.

What narrative? I posted a piece of information.

No kidding its not a bio-weapon. But it is biological, and it did pop up in several different places and we've seen virtually every challenge and concern listed.

Is it your TDS or self proclaimed elite intelligence that kept you from seeing the obvious parallels?

Love the DnD reference


In times like these its easy to bemoan what we don't have or what we ideally need. And when people are scared or in a panic, we start cutting corners in our logical reasoning. It's natural.

I do think there's clearly more that the Feds should have been capable of doing in terms of coordination, but this popular criticism out there of the solution being the national stockpile should have been full I think from a practical and logistical stand point is over simplistic.

First, materials. Things like PPE expire, and equipment like ventilators need regular maintenance. What do you do with materials expiring? If you simply throw them out, it becomes very hard to justify the cost over 20 years.

One idea I had for that, and I'm still not sure I like it for a few reasons, is what if the National Stockpile was run as a clearing house of sorts? Or like a regional Amazon warehouse? When a hospital orders materials, they can still buy from whatever private company, but the items are obtained through the Stockpile much like how an Amazon warehouse already has many of the items you order. The private company than backfills the inventory, and the Stockpile can stay at a consistent capacity all through out.

I think another question that should be asked is just how much responsibility do hospitals, counties, and states have in regards to maintaining their own stockpiles? Seems to me that one of the biggest problems was that too quickly there was this great reliance on the Federal gov't for resources. Hospitals shouldn't have run out of PPE so quickly.

I do think the most effective and efficient way to handle these issues is having the State level be primary with the Feds being a central hub of communication and to be a supplemental source of supplies, not the primary.

and SPOT ON ...

I think that spot is on your brain. You should get that looked at.